How do you get the month from a timestamp ?

SELECT MONTH(column_timestamp) from table_name;

What does a TIMESTAMP do on UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP data type?

TIMESTAMP column is updated with Zero when the table is created.  UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP modifier updates the timestamp field to  current time whenever there is a change in other fields of the table.

What, if a table has one column defined as TIMESTAMP?

Timestamp field gets the current timestamp whenever the row gets altered.

Explain TIMESTAMP DEFAULT ‘2006:09:02 17:38:44? ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ?

A default value is used on initialization, a current timestamp is inserted on update of the row.

But what if you really want to store the timestamp data, such as the publication date of the article?

Create two columns of type TIMESTAMP and use the second one for your real data.

What happens if a table has one column defined as TIMESTAMP?

That field gets the current timestamp whenever the row gets altered.